- 1890's
- 30,000 Japanese laborers emigrated to Hawaiian plantations. Many from Hiroshima
- 1894
- Jotham Bixby welcomed Japanese farmers to Rancho de Los Palos Verdes (PV)
- 1898
- Japanese abalone fishing industry began at White Point. Ended in 1907
- 1900's
- Kumekichi Ishibashi entered U.S. through Mexico, did railroad work in WY & ND
- 1904
- Chinese Exclusion Act made permanent (Scott Act banned Chinese in 1882, 1892)
- 1906
- K. Ishibashi builT first Japanese American ranch house in PV (PV plaque)
- 1906
- April 18: San Francisco earthquake drove Japanese to migrate southward
- 1907
- Gentlemen's Agreement severely limited entry of Japanese male laborers to U.S.
- 1909 June
- Los Angeles City Market opened on 9th & San Pedro Street. Japanese occupied 120 of 180 produce stalls
- 1910-
- Early Japanese settlement near Pt. Fermin and White Point. Mr. Kanehara (Aichi Prefecture) experimented with crops. Japanese ranches spread along PV coast
- 1910 Sept.1
- K. Ishibashi, Tomizo, his younger brother, K. Ozaki & C. Hayashi signed 50 acre lease at $6 per acre. Began long reign of dry farmed vegetable cultivation in PV
- 1913
- Frank A. Vanderlip, Sr. purchased 6,000 acres of PV from Fundenburg/George Bixby. Became primary PV landowner to Japanese ranches.
- 1913
- California Heney-Webb Alien Land Act banned ownership to aliens "ineligible to citizenship." Loopholes allow Nisei American born children to sign lease.
- 1915
- San Pedro Vegetable Growers Co-operative Association founded
- 1918
- May 11, Seventh St.(& Central Ave) Wholesale Terminal Market opened
- 1919
- SPVGA contracted for a joint sales stall with District 9 (Bay City) and District 7 (Imperial). Known as a model co-operative both here and in Japan
- 1920
- California banned land ownership to aliens "ineligible to citizenship." Picture bride visas end.
- 1920
- SPVGA created crate label to insure recognizable quality produce
- 1921
- Palos Verdes Project (E.G. Lewis) to develop PV into elite community, venture failed
- 1922 Nov
- Ozawa vs US Supreme Court banned naturalization of Asian aliens on racial grounds. Issei ineligible for citizenship until 1952.
- 1922 Nov. 24
- San Pedro Vegetable Growers Association (SPVGA) dedicated first community building in Portuguese Bend. Nearly 200 attended
- 1924
- Immigration Act of 1924 ended all Japanese immigration to U.S.
- 1924
- White Point and District 26 ranches separated from SPVGA
- 1924
- Drought for 2 years. SPVGA applied for a loan
- 1925
- White Point Tagami Hot Springs & Hotel became a popular seaside resort through 1935
- 1925
- San Pedro 26th Streeters families evicted as San Pedro city expands.
- 1925
- Palos Verdes Corporation formed, primary landowner to PV Japanese until 1942.
- 1930
- SPVGA began shipment of Kentucky Wonder beans to Chicago
- 1932
- L.A. Summer Olympics: Japanese swimmers trained at White Point, broke 2 records
- 1933 March 10
- Long Beach earthquake. Damage to San Pedro High, White Point
- 1933
- Mexican farm workers strike; caused great losses to PV ranches.
SPVGA spent $2000 to build two Japanese labor camps (Meno & Kozan) - 1933
- SPVGA Parent Association reinstated to run Japanese language school.
- 1936
- 38 SPVGA families cultivated 3200 acres, pop. 225 Issei-Nisei live in PV
- 1941
- Dec. 7 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, HA. FBI rounded up 736 Issei by 6:30 AM
Dec. 8 War declared. Within 48 hrs, 1291 Japanese detained & classified as "dangerous enemy aliens" without formal charges.
Dec. 29 Japanese ordered to turn in contraband: radios, cameras, weapons - 1942
- Feb. 1 Palos Verdes Corporation cancels Japanese leases
Mar 5 L.A. Mayor Bowron: L.A has largest density of Japanese & has become "the hotbed, the nerve center of the spy system, of planning for sabotage"
Feb. 19 FDR signs Executive Order 9066: mass removal & detention of Issei, Nisei
Feb. 25 3000 Terminal Island Japanese given 48 hours to vacate homes & businesses
Mar 27 20-30 SPVGA families relocated to Strathmore, CA to farm, San Pedro-L.A. group relocated to harvest orchards in Winters, CA
June 2 Voluntary relocation ends. All Japanese sent to WRA centers. National Student Relocation Council placed interned Nisei in colleges - 1943
- Feb-July Controversial questionnaire issued in camps to segregate "loyals" from "disloyals." No-no respondents transferred to Tule Lake-Newell, CA camp
Feb. 1 All Nisei 100th, 442nd Regimental Combat teams activated - 1944
- Hirabayashi vs U.S. upheld evacuation. Reversed in 1988 based on coram nobis. War Dept reinstates draft for Nisei
June 28 63 Heart Mt. internees refused draft & sentenced, demanding civil rights
Sept Esther Takei, first evacuee, to return to California (Pasadena Jr. College)
Dec. 18 Korematsu vs US upheld EO 9066, Reversed in 1984
Endo vs U.S. ruled WRA cannot detain "loyal" citizens.
Oct.27 800 442nd Regiment Nisei fatalities to rescue 211 Texas Battalion - 1945
- Aug. 6 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
Aug 11 Japan agreed to unconditional surrender to Allies
Sept-Oct Mass departures from camps: 80,000 internees return to West Coast
- 1952
- Walter McCarran Immigration Act: Issei eligible for naturalization. 185 Japanese entries allowed under annual quota
- 1988
- Civil Rights Act for $20,000 redress-reparations to Japanese Americans
- 1992
- May 1: Ishibashi ranch house designated State Point of Historical Interest
Yamanashi Prefecture , JPN, 1872
Kubota-Shimonishi Family
Issei Ventures in America
In 1872, Yojiro became the long awaited for son in a Yamanashi Prefecture household of four daughters. As a young man, instead of following in his physican father's footsteps, he arrived in San Francisco in 1906 under a business visa. After odd jobs, Yojiro found his niche in mechanics. Later with friends, he formed the ABC Company and opened a general goods store in Vacaville, CA. In his 40's, his family found him a bride. Norie, 32 yrs, also of Yamanashi and Tokyo-educated, who arrived in winter, 1912. Soon three daughters, Mildred, Kaname (Mary) Tayuru (Rose), kept her busy. Norie also taught Japanese at the Vacaville Buddhist Church, fulfilling her desire to become a teacher.
To strike out on his own, Yojiro leased land and formed the Chico Rice Company with a partner in Chico, CA. He cultivated 200-600 acres of rice and wheat. Norie's responsibilities were to cook & supervise meals for 100 farmhands. Worn out, she was hospitalized in San Francisco, later joined by her children. Later Yojiro lodged Mildred & Kaname at a Marysville dormitory where they would attend public school while their 4th daughter was born in 1920.
